Dietary amino acids and anthropometric indices: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

ABSTRACT Objective: Recent studies investigated the role of amino acids (AAs) in weight management. We aimed to determine the association between AAs and three-year change of anthropometric indices and incident obesity. Materials and methods: Height, weight, hip, and waist circumference (WC) were collected at baseline and follow up. Three-year changes in anthropometric indices and obesity incident according to body mass index (BMI) (overweight & obesity) and WC cutoffs (obesity-WC) were ascertained. Dietary intakes of AAs were collected at baseline, using a food frequency questionnaire. Data analyses were conducted on 4976 adult participants and two subsamples, including 1,570 and 2,918 subjects, for assessing the AAs relationship with 3-year changes on anthropometric indices and obesity incident. Results: Lysine and aspartic acid were positively associated with higher weight change, whereas acidic AAs, cysteine, and glutamic acid showed a negative correlation with weight change. Furthermore, a weak positive correlation was shown for alkaline AAs, lysine, and valine with WC; however, acidic AAs, tryptophan, cysteine, and glutamic acid were negatively associated with WC. Aromatic and acidic AAs also demonstrated a weak negative relation with changes in BAI. Phenylalanine and Aromatic AAs showed a negative association with overweight &obesity incidence adjusting for potential confounders. Each quartile increases the dietary lysine, arginine, alanine, methionine, aspartic acid, and alkaline AAs related to a greater risk of obesity-WC, while tryptophan, glutamic acid, proline, and acidic AAs associated with lower obesity-WC risk. Conclusion: Our results suggested that certain dietary AAs may potentially change anthropometric indices and risk of obesity incident.

Relation of weight change after twenty on subsequent diabetes risk / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To explore the association between weight change from age 20 to middle age and diabetes risk.Methods:A total of 10 104 residents over 40 years old were recruited in Guangzhou. The final analysis data set is a cohort of 6 272 patients from the REACTION study. Quartile of weight changes from age 20 to middle-age was used as an independent variable to explore its association with newly diagnosed diabetes. Simple and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to calculate OR and 95% CI. Results:The prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes in study cohort was 15.7%. Weight changes from age 20 to middle-age was significantly higher in diabetes group( P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis found in general population and overweight people [24.0≤body mass index(BMI)<28.0 kg/m 2], after adjusting for gender, age, educational level, family history of diabetes, drinking, SBP, waist circumference, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), TG, ALT, AST, the risk of diabetes increased in line with the magnitude of weight change( P=0.081). While in group of lean, normal and obese adult, no significant association has been found. Conclusion:The risk of diabetes increased with weight change in general population and overweight people, indicating that weight change in adults after age of 20 was positively associated with diabetes. It is suggested the importance of weight management in the prevention of dialetes.

Weight change during early adulthood and long-term cardiovascular disease / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Early adulthood is a critical stage in life cycle. Weight change during this period boasts several significant physiological features, and is suggested to have an effect on future cardiometabolic health. However, few studies have systematically described the association of weight change in early adulthood with long-term cardiometabolic risk. Therefore, we tried to comprehensively summarize the influence of different weight change patterns during early adulthood on cardiovascular diseases, and discuss some potentials in future research.

Analysis on adulthood weight change in adults in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To understand the characteristics of adulthood weight change through the analysis on data from China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) Study of 0.5 million adults from ten areas in China.@*Methods@#An electronic questionnaire was used to collect the information about the body weight at age 25 years, social-demographic characteristics and lifestyle of the study subjects and their body weight were measured. After excluding the adults with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer or diabetes and those who had no data of body weight at age 25 years and those aged outside of 35-70 years, a total of 360 903 adults were included in the analysis. Adulthood weight change were defined as difference value between current body weight and body weight at age 25 years.@*Results@#The mean adulthood weight change of the participants was 4.9 kg. The adults living in urban area showed more body weight increase compared with those living in rural area, so did the adults in northern area compared with those in southern area. Among the ten areas in China, Qingdao reported the highest adulthood weight increase (9.3 kg), and Gansu reported the lowest adulthood weight increase (1.5 kg). Older adults had higher BMI at early adulthood (25 years old), but the adults aged 45-50 years had the highest adulthood body weight increase. Adults with higher educational level, higher household income level, but lower physical activity level had more body weight increase, while current smokers, farmers and workers had less body weight increase. BMI at age 25 years was negatively associated with adulthood body weight change, but current BMI was positively associated with adulthood body weight change (P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#Adulthood body weight change varied greatly among population with different demographic characteristics and lifestyle and in ten areas in China.

Relationship between weight change and the changes in blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profiles in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people: a cohort study / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the relationship between weight change and the changes in blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profiles in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people.@*Methods@#All participants were from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study. The study included 16 606 middle-aged and elderly Chinese people with complete information in the baseline survey in 2008 and the first follow-up survey in 2013. We collected the data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, history of diseases and medication, and the results of medical health examinations, including height, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles. We divided the weight change into five groups, moderate or above weight loss (<-8.0%), slight weight loss (-8.0%, -3.1%), weight maintenance (-3.0%, 3.0%), slight weight increased (3.1%, 8.0%), and moderate or above weight increased (>8.0%). Generalized linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between weight change and the changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). Subgroup analyses were used to explore the influences of gender, age and baseline BMI level on the relationship between weight change and the above-mentioned metabolic indicators.@*Results@#The average age of participants in baseline survey was (62.19±7.28) years with a range of 45 to 89 years. During the five-year period, there were 18.86% (2 633), 28.03% (4 655), 35.87% (5 956), 13.96% (2 319), 6.28% (1 043) people with moderate or above weight loss, slight weight loss, weight maintenance, slight weight increased, and moderate or above weight increased, respectively. Regression analyses showed that body weight change were positively correlated with changes in SBP, DBP, FBG, TC, LDL-C and TG, and negatively correlated with change in HDL-C (all linear trend P values were<0.05); As every 10% of weight changed, the β (95%CI) of changes in SBP (mmHg) (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), DBP (mmHg), FBG (mmol/L), TC (mmol/L), LDL-C (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L) and TG (mmol/L) were 4.94 (4.32, 5.55), 2.50 (2.11, 2.88), 0.05 (0.02, 0.08), 0.13 (0.11, 0.16), 0.14 (0.12, 0.16), -0.05 (-0.07, -0.04) and 0.16 (0.14, 0.18), respectively. Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that weight change can lead to greater changes in blood pressure in older and overweight or obesity elderly people (all P for interaction<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Weight loss was beneficial for middle-aged and elderly people to improve the blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profiles, regardless of the weight at the baseline, while weight gain was not.

The relationship between night work and involuntary weight change: data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012)

BACKGROUND: Previous studies on the association between shift or night work and weight change have been focused on finding the risk of weight gain caused by shift or night work. In this study, we aimed to reveal the risk of weight gain and weight loss associated with night work by using a nationwide representative data. METHODS: This study was performed on 1605 full-time wage workers between the age of 20 and 69 based on the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012). The association between night work and involuntary weight change in the previous year was divided into the categories of weight gain and weight loss and studied with modifications in socio-demographic variables, health behavior-related variables, and occupational characteristic variables. RESULTS: The participants working in night work accounted for 10.6 % of total study participants (male; 11.9 %, female 7.4 %). Workers who worked more than 48 hours per week on average accounted for 41.6 % of the total study participants (male; 46.3 %, female 29.1 %). Odds ratio (OR) of weight loss associated with night work in male workers was 0.34 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.16–0.76) after controlling for several related factors. OR of weight loss associated with night work in female workers with long working hours was 1.95 (95 % CI 0.47–80.86) and that of weight gain was 2.83 (95 % CI 0.12–69.83) after adjusting associated factors. CONCLUSIONS: In this cross-sectional study with national representative sample, night work may lower the risk of weight loss in male workers and induce weight change (weight loss or weight gain) in female workers with long working hours. Therefore, future studies with cohort study design for night workers are needed to reveal the mechanisms and health effects of weight change associated with night work and establish proper management solutions with health and labor policies for Korean night workers.

Relationship Between the Changes of Plasma Levels of Resistin With the Contemporary Body Weight Changes in the Same Population / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship between the changes of plasma levels of resistin with the contemporary body weigh changes in the same population. Methods: The community based epidemiological surveys were carried out in the same population in Shijingshan district of Beijing at the year of 2005 and year of 2010. A total of 943 subjects with the entire information of cardiovascular related risk factors were enrolled including 316 male with the mean age of (58.2 ± 8.5) years and 627 female with the mean age of (59.3 ± 7.5) years. Plasma levels of resistin in both year of 2005 and year of 2010 in all subjects were recorded, and the subjects were divided into 4 groups based on the quartile levels of resistin. Group①, the subjects with plasma level of resistin ≤ (-0.66) mmol/L,n=239, Group②, resistin level (from -0.67 to 0.25) mmol/L,n=233, Group③, resistin level (0.26-1.24) mmol/L, n=235 and Group④, resistin level ≥1.25 mmol/L,n=236. Pearson correlation study with uni- and multi- regression analysis were conducted to investigate the relationship between the changes of plasma levels of resistin with the contemporary body weight changes in the same population.Results: The uni-variate analysis showed that in female subjects, plasma levels of resistin were obviously related to the percentage (%) of body weight changes (correlation coefifcient: 0.1173), body weight index (kg/m2) changes (0.1521), the% of body weight index changes (0.1412), the waist circumference (cm) changes (0.1228) and the % of waist circumference changes (0.1057) respectively, allP0.05. Multi-regression analysis indicated that with adjusted baseline variables, in female subjects, the plasma levels of resistin were obviously related to body weight (kg) changes and the % of body weight changes (regression coefifcient: 0.0261 and 0.2916), body weight index (kg/m2) changes and % of body weight index changes (0.2157 and 0.3072), the waist circumference (cm) changes and the% of waist circumference changes (0.0532 and 0.2738) respectively, allP0.05. Conclusion: The changes of plasma levels of resistin are signiifcantly related to contemporary body weight changes in female subjects, but not in male subjects.

Risk Factors for Rickets of Prematurity in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for the development of rickets of prematurity in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 57 ELBW infants. Nineteen infants were diagnosed with rickets and 38 infants without rickets were recruited. On radiologic evaluation, 47% of infants had grade I, 37% had grade II, and 16% had grade III rickets. RESULTS: In ELBW infants with rickets, the durations of oxygen administration, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition, and hospitalization were significantly longer compared to those of the control group. The number of days for achieving an enteral caloric intake of 80 kcal/kg/d and the number of days for regaining birth weight were significantly longer compared to those of the control group. Serial weight changes from birth weight during 8 weeks after birth was significantly lower in the rickets group than in the control group. Retinopathy of prematurity was significantly higher in the rickets group than in the control group. After adjustment for birth weight, rickets of prematurity was correlated with days for regaining birth weight (odds ratio [OR], 1.316; P=0.010), and with weight changes from birth weight at 4 weeks of age (OR, 0.964; P=0.033). CONCLUSION: In ELBW infants, the risk factors for rickets of prematurity were days for regaining birth weight from birth and the weight changes at 4 weeks of age. Early aggressive nutrition for regaining birth weight earlier may reduce the development of rickets of prematurity.

Confiabilidad y validez de constructo de la Escala de Modificación Corporal en varones adolescentes / Reliability and constuct validity of the Body Modification Scale in adolescent males

En diversos países se ha constatado no sólo la adopción de estrategias de cambio corporal por parte de los varones, sino que éstas pueden responder a distintas intenciones: perder peso, ganar peso e incrementar tono o masa muscular. Sin embargo, son escasos los instrumentos que permiten evaluar diferencialmente estos aspectos. Por tanto, el propósito de esta investigación fue obtener una versión en español de la Body Modification Scale (BMS), así como examinar sus propiedades psicométricas en varones adolescentes. El primer estudio comprendió la traducción, adaptación y aplicación piloto de la BMS; la consistencia interna y estructura factorial fue evaluada con 270 adolescentes (Medad=12.84), de los cuales 171 participaron en el retest. El segundo estudio se dirigió a probar, en una muestra independiente (n=200; Medad=13.46), la adecuación de la estructura factorial derivada respecto a la original. La versión en español de la BMS mostró tener adecuada consistencia interna (α=.88) y confiabilidad test-retest (r=.80). El análisis factorial exploratorio derivó inicialmente cuatro factores, observándose traslapamiento conceptual entre dos de ellos; por tanto, se optó por replicar el análisis forzando la extracción a tres factores. Éstos explicaron 44.1% de la varianza, agrupando 20 de los 24 reactivos originales. Los factores perder peso y aumentar tono o masa muscular mostraron adecuada confiabilidad (α>.86; r>.80), resultando sustancialmente menor la del factor ganar peso (.63 y .74, respectivamente). Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios fundamentaron la adecuación de ambas estructuras; sin embargo, el modelo correspondiente a la aquí propuesta mostró un mejor ajuste. En general, la versión en español de la BMS mostró poseer adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en varones adolescentes. Sin embargo, esto deberá corroborarse no sólo en otras edades, sino también en mujeres.

Several countries have noticed not only the adoption of body change strategies by males, but these may respond to different purposes: weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone or muscle mass. Nevertheless, instruments that allow the assessment of these aspects in a differentially way are scanty. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to obtain the Spanish version of the Body Modification Scale (BMS), as well as to examine its psychometric properties in adolescent men. The first study included the translation, adjustment and piloting of the BMS; internal consistency and factor structure were evaluated with 270 adolescents (Mage=12.84); 171 of them participated in retest. The second study was conducted to prove, in an independent sample (n=200; Mage=13.46), the adequacy of the factor structure derived from the original. The Spanish version of the BMS indicated to have adequate internal consistency (α=.88) and test-retest reliability (r=.80). The exploratory factor analysis derived initially four factors, showing conceptual overlap between two of them; therefore, it was opted to replicate the analysis performing an extraction to three factors. These explained 44.1% of the variance, grouping 20 of the 24 original items. The loss weight and increased muscle tone or muscle mass factors showed adequate reliability (α>.86; r>.80), resulting substantially lower the weight gain factor (.63 and .74, respectively). The confirmatory factor analysis supported the adequacy of both structures; however, the model here proposed showed a better fit. In general, the Spanish version of the BMS showed adequate psychometric properties in adolescent men. Nevertheless, this should be corroborated not only in other ages, but also in women.

The Association of Unintentional Changes in Weight, Body Composition, and Homeostasis Model Assessment Index with Glycemic Progression in Non-Diabetic Healthy Subjects

BACKGROUND: We performed a retrospective longitudinal study on the effects of changes in weight, body composition, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indices on glycemic progression in subjects without diabetes during a four-year follow-up period in a community cohort without intentional intervention. METHODS: From 28,440 non-diabetic subjects who participated in a medical check-up program in 2004, data on anthropometric and metabolic parameters were obtained after four years in 2008. Body composition analyses were performed with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Skeletal muscle index (SMI, %) was calculated with lean mass/weightx100. Subjects were divided into three groups according to weight change status in four years: weight loss ( or =5.0%). Progressors were defined as the subjects who progressed to impaired fasting glucose or diabetes. RESULTS: Progressors showed worse baseline metabolic profiles compared with non-progressors. In logistic regression analyses, the increase in changes of HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in four years presented higher odds ratios for glycemic progression compared with other changes during that period. Among the components of body composition, a change in waist-hip ratio was the strongest predictor, and SMI change in four years was a significant negative predictor for glycemic progression. Changes in HOMA beta-cell function in four years was a negative predictor for glycemic progression. CONCLUSION: Increased interval changes in HOMA-IR, weight gain and waist-hip ratio was associated with glycemic progression during a four-year period without intentional intervention in non-diabetic Korean subjects.

The Clinical Significance of Weight Change in Mechanical Ventilated, Critically Ill Patients of ICU / 대한구급학회지

BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients may show significant weight change in their course of disease during ICU stay. However, what weight changes occur and their effects on patient outcome have not yet been reported to our knowledge. Therefore, we evaluated weight change in critically ill patients in the medical ICU and the effect this may have on clinical outcome. METHODS: We measured body weight in patients admitted to the medical ICU daily and evaluated their clinical characteristics and outcome. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (M:F = 30:8, mean age = 65.7 +/- 12.5) were enrolled. Thirteen patients (34.2%) showed weight gain and the mean change was 12.8 +/- 4.2%. In contrast, 25 patients (65.8%) showed weight loss and the mean change was 6.3 +/- 6.9%. Patients who showed weight change over 5% or 10% were 26 (68.4%), and 12 (31.6%), respectively, and their mortality rates were 61.5% and 75%, respectively, showing no statistical significance (p > 0.05). However, when the degree of weight change was stratified with 10%, it was associated with death (p = 0.002). Factors like ICU stay, day of mechanical ventilation, initial APACHE II and SOFA score, body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin were not associated with more than 5% change of weight. BMI at admission was only associated with > 10% change of weight (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of critically ill patients showed a significant weight change during their ICU stay and these patients may have a tendency to have worse clinical outcome.

The Impact of Weight Changes on Metabolic Syndrome over a Time period of 8 years in Korean Male Workers / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular diseases are common causes of diseases and death for workers. With the increasing prevalence of obesity, the social costs for obesity related diseases are a growing burden in Korea. We aimed to investigate the impact of weight change on metabolic syndrome and its components in Korean male workers. METHODS: We analyzed the data from 2,785 male workers obtained during health checkups in 2000 and in 2008. The subjects were classified into 5 groups as Loss ( or = 9.0 kg) group according to the amount of weight change between the 2 health checkups. The mean values of metabolic syndrome components were compared across the 5 weight change groups by ANCOVA. After classifying subjects into 2 groups according to the normality of their body weight at baseline, the odds ratios for metabolic syndrome and its components each weight-change group were computed by multiple logistic regression analyses, using the Stable group as the reference. RESULTS: There was a strong linear relationship between weight gain and a worsening of the components of metabolic syndrome in 2008 (p<0.001). In normal body weight group, the odds ratios for metabolic syndrome significantly increased in the Mild, Moderate, and Severe gain groups (OR 1.83, 2.82, and 7.56, respectively), and increased with weight gain (p<0.001). In subjects who were obese, the odds ratios for metabolic syndrome significantly increased if their amount of weight gain placed them in the Mild or Moderate gain groups(OR 1.75 and 3.97), increased with the increase of weight gain (p<0.001), and decreased in the Loss group(OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.30 to 0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Weight gain in male workers was positively associated with metabolic syndrome through worsening of metabolic syndrome components. On the other hand, weight loss in obese male workers had a protective effect against metabolic syndrome through the improvement of the components of metabolic syndrome.

Eating and Exercise Behaviors of University Students by Weight Change Status / 대한지역사회영양학회지

Young adults are likely to start a new life style which may cause weight gain or obesity since leaving their parents for higher education or university. Whilst young people are slim in general, it is common to see them trying to manage their weight. Few studies have been carried out in Korea to support those changes in lifestyle that can result in weight gain in early adulthood. This study aims to identify prevalence of dieting as well as factors inducing weight gain among university students under unrestricted living conditions. A total of 99 university students were enrolled and asked to complete a questionnaire over a 3-day study period from June to September, 2008. T-test and chi-square-test were applied to compare each behavior between weight gainers and maintainers. Logistic regression was also used for further analysis. Half of the participants used 'eat less' and 'exercise' as a way of dieting, and weight gainers tried to control their weight significantly more than weight maintainers. Most participants were engaged in very little exercise and were more likely to watch TV and use a computer. The time of lunch was proven as the only factor to predict weight change in the participants. As a result of this study, an intervention to promote exercise with friends or as a group is required to makeup for the lack of exercise among young adults. Further studies are also necessary to investigate how each meal time a day relates to the amount of food eaten.

Effect of β(3)-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism on body weight change in middle-aged, overweight women

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To examine the effects of β(3)-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism on body weight change during a weight reduction program for middle-aged, overweight women with careful consideration of their energy intake and expenditure.</p><p><b></b>METHODS</p><p><b>DESIGN</b>Intervention study of weight reduction for 12 weeks in a community setting.</p><p><b>SUBJECTS</b>Eighty overweight middle-aged women who completed the individualized lifestyle modification program.</p><p><b>MEASUREMENTS</b>β(3)-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism was identified by polymerase chain reaction and consecutive restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Anthropometrical parameters, lifestyle factors, blood lipid and glucose levels, physical activity level and energy intake were measured before and at the end of the program.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The numbers of subjects with the Trp64Trp, Trp64Arg, and Arg64Arg genotypes were 45, 30 and 5, respectively. Baseline characteristics among subjects with the 64Arg allele had significantly smaller decrease in body weight and energy intake than those without the 64Arg allele. The change of other clinical characteristics did not differ between the two groups. After adjusting for the %change of energy intake, the %change of body weight did not differ between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 64Arg allele of the β(3)-AR gene is not likely to be the factor determining the difficulty in losing body weight in Japanese middle-aged, overweight women. Lifestyle factors, such as the decrease in energy intake, might mask the effect of the 64Arg allele on body weight loss. Specific considerations for the management of energy intake would be needed to promote body weight loss for those with the 64Arg allele.</p>

Effect of $\beta$_{3}-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphism on Body Weight Change in Middle-Aged, Overweight Women

Objectives: To examine the effects of β3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism on body weight change during a weight reduction program for middle-aged, overweight women with careful consideration of their energy intake and expenditure. Methods: Design: Intervention study of weight reduction for 12 weeks in a community setting. Subjects: Eighty overweight middle-aged women who completed the individualized lifestyle modification program. Measurements: β3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism was identified by polymerase chain reaction and consecutive restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Anthropometrical parameters, lifestyle factors, blood lipid and glucose levels, physical activity level and energy intake were measured before and at the end of the program. Results: The numbers of subjects with the Trp64Trp, Trp64Arg, and Arg64Arg genotypes were 45, 30 and 5, respectively. Baseline characteristics among subjects with the Trp64Trp, Trp64Arg and Arg64Arg alleles did not differ. After 12 weeks, the subjects with the 64Arg allele had significantly smaller decrease in body weight and energy intake than those without the 64Arg allele. The change of other clinical characteristics did not differ between the two groups. After adjusting for the %change of energy intake, the %change of body weight did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion: The 64Arg allele of the β3-AR gene is not likely to be the factor determining the difficulty in losing body weight in Japanese middle-aged, overweight women. Lifestyle factors, such as the decrease in energy intake, might mask the effect of the 64Arg allele on body weight loss. Specific considerations for the management of energy intake would be needed to promote body weight loss for those with the 64Arg allele.

The Effect of Post-natal Weight Changes on the Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome / 소아과

PURPOSE: The subjects were compared and measured for differences in the aspects of weight changes between the groups that developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) after treatment and those that did not, to analyze the relations between the patterns of early weight change after birth and the development of BPD. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical records were performed for birth weight and a corresponding pattern of weight change after birth and a case history of 70 respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) patients born at Kyunghee Medical Center from September 1999 to December 2002. Patients who developed BPD after being treated for RDS were classified as group A and the rest as group B. Each respective group was subdivided into subgroups of birth weight greater and lesser than 1,500 grams. RESULTS: BPD was observed in 12(17.1%) patients. The duration of initial weight loss and the time to restitution of birth weight were meaningfully longer in group A, and the ratio of initial weight loss to birth weight was significantly greater in group A. On the other hand, when the above comparisons were executed in each group subdivided by birth weight above and below 1500 grams, no significant variables were generated. CONCLUSION: The postulated points to the duration of initial weight loss and time to restitution of birth weight being significantly longer in groups with BPD. It was also confirmed that this group had a greater ratio of initial weight loss(%) to birth weight were confirmed.

Effect of Acupressure on Nausea-vomiting and Weight Change among Pediatric Cancer Patients Receiving Anti-cancer Chemotherapy / 아동간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to confirm the effect of acupressure on the emesis control and the weight change among pediatric cancer patients receiving anti-cancer chemotherapy. METHOD: Forty pediatric cancer patients, receiving the induction stage of chemotherapy with MTX and vincristine, were divided into control(n=20) and the intervention group(n=20). Both groups received regular anti-emesis medication, but the intervention group was added acupressure maneuver for 5 minutes on P6 point for 3 times a day for 5days: before chemotherapy, lunch and dinner by investigator during the hospitalization and by mother at home. The instruments for this study were Rhode's(1986) Index of nausea, vomiting and retching(INVR), Cas electric scale and pamphlet developed by researcher. RESULT: Significant differences in the degree of nausea and vomiting were observed between the control and the intervention group as measured by INVR(t=4.73; p=.01). Repeated measures ANOVA also shows that the group effect was significant(F=22.39, P=.01) as was the time effect(F=380.35, P=.01). The group by time interaction was also significant(F=5.27, P=.01). Acupressure maneuver was apparently effective in reducing the degree of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. There were also statistically significant weight loss noted in the control group than the intervention group(t=5.42, p=.01). CONCLUSION: Acupressure on P6 point shows an effective adjunct maneuver in reducing the degree of nausea and vomiting and conserving the weight in pediatric cancer patients. Therefore, it is proposed that acupressure should be applied as supportive nursing intervention strategies to relieve chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting and to prevent weight loss in pediatric cancer patients.

The Factors Associated with Becoming Obese Children: in 6th Grade Children of Elementary Schools in Busan

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to find the factors associated with becoming obese children during the past 2 years in 6th grade children of elementary school and then to evaluate the high risk groups for childhood obesity. METHODS: The 738 children from May to June, 2001 in 6th grade of 5 elementary schools in Busan were the subjects of this study. The children's height and weight in 4th grade and 6th grade were obtained from school health records. We calculated the body mass index in 4th and 6th grades and classified into 3 weight groups (normal, at risk for obesity, and obese) according to the age and sex-specific BMI established by the Korean Academy of Pediatrics. If children's weight group in 4th grade was changed to heavier weight group in 6th grade, we defined it as increased group. Otherwise, we defined it as non-increased group. The association between the increase in weight group and parental and children's characteristics were analyzed by x2-test, x2-test for the trend, t-test, ANOVA and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the total, 3.3% of children with normal weight and 16.9% of children at the risk for obesity in 4th grade were transformed to increased group in 6th grade, respectively (P or =2 hours/day for the past two years. These findings suggest promotion of educational plan to prevent childhood obesity.

Change of Body Weight According to Antiepileptic Drugs in Children with Epilepsy:Valproic Acid vs. Topiramate

PURPOSE: The use of antiepileptic drugs for the seizure control has been a remarkable breakthrough. However, excessive body weight gain is a common side effect of some antiepileptic drugs. Topiramate is a novel and highly effective antiepileptic drug that has been associated with weight loss in some patients. This study was undertaken to compare the change of body weight in children treated with valproic acid and topiramate for epilepsy. METHODS: Children who took medications for epilepsy with either valproic acid or topiramate were recruited. We collected the data of the initial weight and the follow-up weight on average, 10 months documented in the medical records. We analyzed the change of body weight due to antiepileptic drugs in the study subjects. RESULTS: Statistically significant weight gains after treatment with valproic acid were observed(mean+/-SD, 3.7+/-3.2 kg). However, there have nearly no change of body weight after the treatment with topiramate(mean+/-SD, -0.9+/-2.3 kg). There were significant difference in weight changes between two groups of two different antiepileptic drug. CONCLUSION: This study showed that topiramate caused little weight gain in children with epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs should be selected by individual patient's characteristics.

ACCURACY OF FOUR ELASTOMERIC INTEROCCLUSAL RECORDING MATERIALS / 대한치과보철학회지

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of four elastomeric interocclusal recording materials and the weight change according to different storage period (24 hours, 48hours, 7days) and different conditions (dry, wet). The techniques for establishing the intercuspal position were centic occlusion interocclusal record with four elastomeric interocclusal recording materials (Ramitec, Stat-BR, Blu-Mousse, Regisil) (experimental groups) and location of the cast in a position of maximum interdigitation using tactile and visual method(control group). To evaluate the accuracy of four elastomeric interocclusal recording materials, the quality of contacts between the mounted casts was compared with the results of an occlusal examination of the same subjects. The results were as follows : 1. The most accurate method of articulating study casts at the intercuspal position was by hand articulation and no significant differences in accuracy were observerd among the experimental groups. 2. In case of interocclusal records storaged in dry sealed plastic box, no significant differences in accuracy were observed among the experimental groups. 3. In case of interocclusal records storaged in water, there was significant inaccuracy in Ramitec group. 4. The biggest weight change was observed in Ramitec group in all storage conditions